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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../01-background/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Background</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../02-requirements/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Hardware/knowledge requirements</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Setting up a development environment</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> macOS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/verify.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Verify the installation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../04-meet-your-hardware/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Meet your hardware</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> LED roulette</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/build-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Build it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/flash-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Flash it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/debug-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Debug it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/the-led-and-delay-abstractions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> The led and delay abstractions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/the-challenge.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> The challenge</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../06-hello-world/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Hello, world!</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../06-hello-world/panic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> panic!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Registers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/rtrm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> RTRM</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/optimization.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> (mis)Optimization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/bad-address.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> 0xBAAAAAAD address</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/spooky-action-at-a-distance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> Spooky action at a distance</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/type-safe-manipulation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Type safe manipulation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> LEDs, again</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/power.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Power</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/the-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> The solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Clocks and timers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/for-loop-delays.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> for loop delays</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/nop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> NOP</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/one-shot-timer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> One-shot timer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/initialization.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Initialization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/busy-waiting.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> Busy waiting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/putting-it-all-together.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> Putting it all together</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Serial communication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/nix-tooling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> *nix tooling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/windows-tooling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> Windows tooling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/loopbacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> Loopbacks</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> USART</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/send-a-single-byte.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> Send a single byte</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/send-a-string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> Send a string</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/buffer-overrun.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> Buffer overrun</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/uprintln.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> uprintln!</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/receive-a-single-byte.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> Receive a single byte</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/echo-server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> Echo server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/reverse-a-string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> Reverse a string</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Bluetooth setup</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/loopback.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> Loopback</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/at-commands.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> AT commands</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../13-serial-over-bluetooth/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Serial over Bluetooth</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> I2C</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/the-general-protocol.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> The general protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/lsm303dlhc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> LSM303DLHC</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/read-a-single-register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> Read a single register</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/the-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> The solution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/read-several-registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.5.</strong> Read several registers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> LED compass</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/take-1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> Take 1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/solution-1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> Solution 1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/take-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> Take 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/solution-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> Solution 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/magnitude.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> Magnitude</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/calibration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> Calibration</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Punch-o-meter</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/gravity-is-up.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> Gravity is up?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/the-challenge.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.2.</strong> The challenge</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.3.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../explore.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> What's left for you to explore</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../appendix/1-general-troubleshooting/index.html">General troubleshooting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../appendix/2-how-to-use-gdb/index.html">How to use GDB</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol>
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                    <h1 class="menu-title">Discovery</h1>

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                        <h1 id="verify-the-installation"><a class="header" href="#verify-the-installation">Verify the installation</a></h1>
<p>Let's verify that all the tools were installed correctly.</p>
<h2 id="linux-only"><a class="header" href="#linux-only">Linux only</a></h2>
<h3 id="verify-permissions"><a class="header" href="#verify-permissions">Verify permissions</a></h3>
<p>Connect the STM32F3DISCOVERY to your computer using an USB cable. Be sure to connect the cable to the &quot;USB ST-LINK&quot;
port, the USB port in the center of the edge of the board.</p>
<p>The STM32F3DISCOVERY should now appear as a USB device (file) in <code>/dev/bus/usb</code>. Let's find out how it got
enumerated:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">lsusb | grep -i stm
</code></pre>
<p>This should result in:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ lsusb | grep -i stm
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1
$ # ^^^        ^^^
</code></pre>
<p>In my case, the STM32F3DISCOVERY got connected to the bus #3 and got enumerated as the device #4. This means the
file <code>/dev/bus/usb/003/004</code> <em>is</em> the STM32F3DISCOVERY. Let's check its permissions:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ ls -la /dev/bus/usb/003/004
crw-rw-rw-+ 1 root root 189, 259 Feb 28 13:32 /dev/bus/usb/003/00
</code></pre>
<p>The permissions should be <code>crw-rw-rw-</code>. If it's not ... then check your <a href="linux.html#udev-rules">udev
rules</a> and try re-loading them with:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
</code></pre>
<h4 id="for-older-devices-with-optional-usb---ft232-based-serial-module"><a class="header" href="#for-older-devices-with-optional-usb---ft232-based-serial-module">For older devices with OPTIONAL USB &lt;-&gt; FT232 based Serial Module</a></h4>
<p>Unplug the STM32F3DISCOVERY and plug the Serial module. Now, figure out what's its associated file:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ lsusb | grep -i ft232
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 0403:6001 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT232 Serial (UART) IC
</code></pre>
<p>In my case, it's the <code>/dev/bus/usb/003/005</code>. Now, check its permissions:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ ls -l /dev/bus/usb/003/005
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 189, 21 Sep 13 00:00 /dev/bus/usb/003/005
</code></pre>
<p>As before, the permissions should be <code>crw-rw-rw-</code>.</p>
<h2 id="verify-openocd-connection"><a class="header" href="#verify-openocd-connection">Verify OpenOCD connection</a></h2>
<p>Connect the STM32F3DISCOVERY using the USB cable to the USB port in the
center of edge of the board, the one that's labeled &quot;USB ST-LINK&quot;.</p>
<p>Two <em>red</em> LEDs should turn on right after connecting the USB cable to the board.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT</strong> There is more than one hardware revision of the STM32F3DISCOVERY board. For older
revisions, you'll need to change the &quot;interface&quot; argument to <code>-f interface/stlink-v2.cfg</code> (note:
no <code>-1</code> at the end). Alternatively, older revisions can use <code>-f board/stm32f3discovery.cfg</code>
instead of <code>-f interface/stlink-v2-1.cfg -f target/stm32f3x.cfg</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> OpenOCD v0.11.0 has deprecated <code>interface/stlink-v2.cfg</code> in favor of
<code>interface/stlink.cfg</code> which supports ST-LINK/V1, ST-LINK/V2, ST-LINK/V2-1, and
ST-LINK/V3.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="nix"><a class="header" href="#nix">*Nix</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>FYI:</strong> The <code>interface</code> directory is typically located in <code>/usr/share/openocd/scripts/</code>,
which is the default location OpenOCD expects these files. If you've installed them
somewhere else use the <code>-s /path/to/scripts/</code> option to specify your install directory.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="language-console">openocd -f interface/stlink-v2-1.cfg -f target/stm32f3x.cfg
</code></pre>
<p>or</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f3x.cfg
</code></pre>
<h3 id="windows"><a class="header" href="#windows">Windows</a></h3>
<p>Below the references to <code>C:\OpenOCD</code> is the directory where OpenOCD is installed.</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">openocd -s C:\OpenOCD\share\scripts -f interface/stlink-v2-1.cfg -f target/stm32f3x.cfg
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> cygwin users have reported problems with the -s flag. If you run into
that problem you can add <code>C:\OpenOCD\share\scripts\</code> directory to the parameters.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>cygwin users:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">openocd -f C:\OpenOCD\share\scripts\interface\stlink-v2-1.cfg -f C:\OpenOCD\share\scripts\target\stm32f3x.cfg
</code></pre>
<h3 id="all"><a class="header" href="#all">All</a></h3>
<p>OpenOCD is a service which forwards debug information from the ITM channel
to a file, <code>itm.txt</code>, as such it runs forever and does <strong>not</strong> return to the
terminal prompt.</p>
<p>The initial output of OpenOCD is something like:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport &quot;hla_swd&quot;. To override use 'transport select &lt;transport&gt;'.
adapter speed: 1000 kHz
adapter_nsrst_delay: 100
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
none separate
Info : Unable to match requested speed 1000 kHz, using 950 kHz
Info : Unable to match requested speed 1000 kHz, using 950 kHz
Info : clock speed 950 kHz
Info : STLINK v2 JTAG v27 API v2 SWIM v15 VID 0x0483 PID 0x374B
Info : using stlink api v2
Info : Target voltage: 2.915608
Info : stm32f3x.cpu: hardware has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
</code></pre>
<p>(If you don't ... then check the <a href="../appendix/1-general-troubleshooting/index.html">general troubleshooting</a> instructions.)</p>
<p>Also, one of the red LEDs, the one closest to the USB port, should start oscillating between red
light and green light.</p>
<p>That's it! It works. You can now use <code>Ctrl-c</code> to stop OpenOCD or close/kill the terminal.</p>

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